| Manado Malay | |
|---|---|
| Bahasa Manado | |
| Spoken in | Indonesia |
| Region | North Sulawesi |
| Native speakers | 850,000 (2001) |
| Language family |
Malay Creole
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xmm |
Manado Malay is a language spoken in Manado and the surrounding area. The local name of the language is Bahasa Manado, and the name Minahasa Malay is also used, after the main ethnic group speaking the language. Since Manado Malay is used only for spoken communication, there is no standard orthography.
Manado Malay is actually a creole of the Malay language. It differs from Malay in having a large number of Portuguese and Dutch loan words and in traits like for example its use of "kita" as a first person singular pronoun, while "kita" is a first person inclusive plural pronoun in Malay.
Contents |
Most words have stress on the pre-final syllable:
| kaDEra | 'chair' |
| STEnga | 'half' |
| DOi | 'money' |
But there are also many words with final stress:
| buTUL | 'right, correct, true' | ||
| toLOR | 'egg' | saBONG | 'soap' |
| Standard Indonesian | Manado Malay | |
| First singular | saya | kita |
| First plural | kami / kita | torang |
| Second singular | anda | ngana |
| Second plural | kalian | ngoni |
| Third singular | dia | dia |
| Third plural | mereka | dorang |
Possessives are built by adding "pe" to the personal pronoun or name or noun, then followed by the 'possessed' noun. Thus "pe" has the function similar to English "'s" as in "the doctor's uniform".
| English | Manado Malay |
| My friend | kita pe tamang / ta pe tamang |
| Your (sing.) friend | ngana pe tamang / nga pe tamang |
| His/her book | dia pe buku / de pe buku |
| This book is yours (pl.) | ini ngoni pe buku |
Why = KYApa?
Where = di MAna?
Who = SApa?
Which one(s) = tu MAna?
Ada ('to be') can be used in Manadonese Malay to indicate the perfective aspect e.g. :
The final nasals /m/ and /n/ in Indonesian are replaced by the "-ng" group in Manado Malay, similar with Terengganu dialect of Malaysia, e.g. :
The ber prefix in Indonesian, which serves a function similar to the English -ing, is modified into ba in Manado Malay. E.g.: bajalang (berjalan, walking), batobo (berenang, swimming), batolor (bertelur, laying eggs)
The me prefix in standard Indonesian, which also serves a function to make a verb active, is modified into ma in Manado Malay. E.g.: mangael (mengail, hooking fish), manari (menari, dancing), mancari (mencari, searching), mamasa (memasak, cooking), manangis (menangis, crying).
Several words in standard Indonesian is shortened in Manado Malay. For example:
pi (standard Indonesian: pergi, to go)
co (standard Indonesian: coba, to try)
so (standard Indonesian: sudah, have/has done)
ta (standard Indonesian: awalan ter, passive prefix)
Several words in Manado Malay is loaned to the standard Indonesian:
Due to the past colonisation by the Dutch and the Portuguese in Sulawesi, several words of this language originates from their languages.
| Standard Indonesian | Manado Malay loanword | Language of Origin | English meaning |
| topi | capeo | Portuguese (chapéu) | cap, hat |
| bosan | fastiu | Portuguese (fastio) | bored |
| untuk | for | Dutch (voor) | for |
| garpu | fork | Dutch (vork) | fork |
| tenggorokan | gargantang | Portuguese (garganta) | throat |
| kursi | kadera | Portuguese (cadeira) | chair |
| saputangan | lenso | Portuguese (lenço) | handkerchief |
| tapi | mar | Dutch (maar) | but |
| jagung | milu | Portuguese (milho) | corn, maize |
| bendera | bandera | Spanish (la bandera) | flag |
| Paman | om | Dutch (oom) | uncle |
| nenek | oma | Dutch (oma) | grandmother |
| kakek | opa | Dutch (opa) | grandfather |
| bayangan | sombar | Portuguese (sombra) | shadow |
| keringat | suar | Portuguese (suar) | sweat |
| Bibi | tante | Dutch (tante) | aunt |
| dahi | testa | Portuguese (testa) | forehead, temple |
| penyu | tuturuga | Portuguese (tartaruga) | turtle |
| sepatu | chepatu | Spanish (zapato) | shoe(s) |